Internal grinder



March 20, 1928. 1,662,821

S. EINSTEIN INTERNAL GRINDER Filed Sept. 16. 1924 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 20, 19.28

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UNITED STATES PATENT orrlcr..

SOL EINSTEIN, F CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNO, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TQ CIN CINNATI GRINDERS INCORPORATED, 0F CINCINNATI, OHIO, ,A CRPORTIN 0F GHIO.

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Application filed September 16,1924. Serial No. 738,926.

i grind and finish internal cylindrical Surfaces.

Inasmuch as` machines of this natureare used to produce work in which a high degree of accuracy is required, it is essentialthat the machines operate with great precision and to that end it is necessary that vibration, lost motion, etc. be reduced to a minimum.

Furthermore, as the work must necessarily be inspected and removed frequently, it is desirable that the machine be so constructed that the attendant may perform these operr ations With'the greatest facility and with the least possible loss of time.

This invent-ion therefore has for an object to provide an internal grinding machine which Will function with great precision, which may be easily and conveniently operated and in which substantially all of the parts are actuated automatically to produce a complete grinding operation.

A further object of the invention is -to lprovide improved means for effecting relative movement between the Work-supporting head and the grinding wheel in transverseA directions.

Still another object is to provide, in a ma chine of this nature, improved means for controlling the back-and forth movements ofl the grinding-wheel support during a ,Grinding operation and mechanical means for retracting the grinding; wheel to an 'out-of-the- 'way position at any desired time and atthe completion of the grinding operation, to give the attendant unobstructed access to the work for Jche purpose of inspection or ref Inova] of the work.

Astill further .object of the invention is to provide automatic4 means for disconnecting'the wcrk-rotating means from its source of powerI simultaneously with the abnormal movement of thegrinding Wheel and applying*- 'tbereto means to overcome the momentum y of 4the work-holder whereby the work is quickly'brought torest.

'.Another object of tbeiinvention is so to construct andl coordinate the `various trains of mechanism throuehout the machine-tool .thatthey may readily be opcrated-witha monly provided a rotatable Work-holder, a,

rotatable grinding-wheel and means to cause relative bodily movement between the Workholder and the grinding-Wheel lengthwise of the axis of the latter, and also relative bodily movement between thetwo transverse to the axisof the grinding Wheel. The first named relative movement is utilized to cause the grinding wheel to enter the cylindrical Work and to be fed back and forth therein while the Work is rotated. Thus the entire surface to be ground is brought to the action of the grinding wheel.

In the present machine, the relative lateral movement betweenthework-holder and the grinding-wheel is effected at a relatively slow rate and serves to feed the work to the periphery of the grinding-wheel after each grinding of the Work-bore. This continued grinding operation. gradually enlarges the bore and when the desired diameterv is attained the grinding is discontinued by Withdravving the tool from the work'.

In this machine relative bodily movemen between the tool and the work, in the direc tion of the axis of the lool, is preferably effected by mounting the .cfrinding Wheel and mounted on the base of the machine and providing means for translating'the table toward. and from the work-head.

The relative lateral movement between the Work-head and -the tool may conveniently be effect-ed by s lidably supporting;r the work,-

head in guidevvays formed in the'base 'trans verse to the axis of the grinding Wheel and providing a suitable screw-feed for moving the work-head in said guideways. The feed-y screw is preferably actuated by the relative co its rotating mechanism on a table slidably iof receiving an abnormal movement away iti titl

from the work to permit the operator to inspect the work and to remove it from the work-holder upon completion of the grinding operation. To this end, means is pro vided' whereby the operator may, at will, render ineffective one normally operative reversing dog whereupon the next rctractive movement of the tool-head will continue until an auxiliary dog, also carried by the table, is brought into contact with the feedreversing lever. At this instance suitable mechanism disconnects the power feed and the table is brought to rest. Immediately upon disconnection of the power feed7 a manual feed is rendered effective.

It is. of course, desirable that the grinding operation be effected as rapidly as possible to the end that maximum production be secured. A change-gear device is therefore embodied in the table-feeding mechanism whereby the table and the grinding Wheel carried thereby may be translated at the highest rate consistent with the nature of the work being operated upon.

The. abnormal movement of the table may be e'ected at a materially faster rate than is permissible for any grinding operation and therefore there is provided a rapid feed drive which is rendered effective only when the table is 'to be given its abnormal movement.

inasmuch as in certain classes of work it 1s necessary that the grinding-wheel be. retracted frequently for the purpose of inspection or removal of the work. this rapid table feed, in the aggregate, effects a material. saving in time and a proportionate increase in production and is therefore a very :important feature of the machine.

A s before stated the work is held in a Wore-holder or chuck which also is rotated during the grinding operation. To permit removal of the work. it is necessary that therotation of the worlnholder be discontinued and therefore means is provided for disconneet-ing the work-holder from the source of power simultaneously with the throwing in of theabnerr al feed for the table.

t invention also proposes means for automatically overcoming the niomentum of the work-holder whereby the work is quick.

ty brought to rest without manual aid by abnormal feed mechanism.

pump. and for rotatino the work-rotatin the operator. This is preferably effected by a suitable brake mechanism located adjacent the change-gears and adapted to be actuated simultaneously with the throwing in of the Other objects and advantages will be in part indicated in the following description and in part rendered apparent therefrom in connectionv with the annexed drawings.

To enable others skilled in the art so fully to apprehend the underl ing features hereof that they may embo y the same in the various Ways contemplated by this invention, drawings depicting a preferred typical construction have been annexed as a part of this disclosure and, in such drawings, like characters of reference denote corresponding parts throughout all the views, of whichz Fig. 'lis a front elevation of a grinding machine embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged front elevation, partly in section of a portion of Fig. l showing particularly the gear-box and the parts associated therewith. Fig. 3 is a plan" of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a View similar to Fig. 3 but showing in full and dotted lines the mechanism withiirthe gear-box and the table-feeding mechanism, certain other parts being omitted for the sake of clearness. Fig. 5 is a vertical section on lines 5-5 of Figs. 4 and 10. Fig. 6 is a similar view on lines 6-6 of Figs. et and 1.0. Fig. T is a vertical section on lines 7--7 of Figs. 4 and 10. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section through the ear-box showing more clearly the shiftabe gearunits and. the shifting devices therefor. Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view of the controlling means for the table traverse mechanism. Fig. 10 is a sectional development of the gear-mechanisms for effecting the table traverse, for actuating the coolant driving shaft all later to be described. Fig. i

11 is a horizontal section of the table tnaverse actuating mechanism together wit `\a load-andthe device for automatically shi tf ing the gears to change-tin` direction of movement of the table. Fig. 12 is a section through the prime-mover showing the controlling clutch and the means forgnetuating it. Fig. 13 is a detail section on the. line 18-*13 of-Fig. 12. Fig. llt is a vertical section substantially on the line 14-14 of Figs. l and l5. Fig. 15 is a vertical section on the line 15-15 of Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is a detail plan of the means for shifting one of the translatable gear-units and for holding it in its adjusted ositions. Fig. 17 is a detail of the gear-shi 'ter illustrated in Fig. 1G showing it engaging the gear-unit to be shifted. Fig. 18 is a vertical section on the line 18-18 of 1 and 19 showing the mechanism for rotating the work-holder and for feeding the worlehcad transversely of the machinebase. Fig. 19 is a. sect-ion on the line 19-19of Fig. 18. Fig. 20 is a side elevation of the ratchet and) pawl mechanism for effecting the transverse feed of the work-head. Fig. 21 is a horizontal section substantially on the line 2'i--21 of Fig. .20. Fig. 22 is a. diagrammatic View representing the work andfour differentpositions of the grinding wheel.

J.Referrii'ig more particularly to the draw ings the invention is' disclosed. 1n an inten nal grinding machine constructed with a base A. 'supporting a closed housing B which carries, `inl a'manner later to be described, a work-head@ and a suitable toolhead D. 'YVithin the housing B and lengthwise thereof there is journaled a drive-shaft l.

adapted to receive power from e power pulley, or other prime-mover, 2. This driveshaft 'is ada ted to furnish power for the operation o all ofthe various trains of mechanism as will later be described. A suitable clutch'mechanism indicated generally as 3 (Fig. 12) is interposed between the pulle 2 and the shaft and serves, upon ma- 4nipu ation of a hand-lever 4, to lock the two together to drive the latter from the former. While the specific construction of the clutch mechanism forms no part of the present invention lit rmay nevertheless be stated that it is preferably of the friction type and is adapted to be actuated by the movement cfa wed e-bar 5 shdingly fitted Within a channel int e drive shaft 1. (Figs.

l12 'and 13.) The hand-lever4 is secured' uponone end of a short shaft 6 j'ournaled in the housing B. To the opposite end'of the shaft 6 there is secured an arm 7 having an operative connection .with a grooved collar 8 slidably mounted upon the shaft 2 and having a fixed connection with the wedgebar 5. Thus by manipulation of the handlever It a driving connection between theI ulley 2- and shaft 1 may be effected or Broken.

'A Grinding wheelroatzng mechanism.

Aslhereinbefore stated the grinding wheel is rotated from the drive shaft 1. This gdrive is effected by mechanism now to be described, particular reference being had lteilige. 1-, -14 and 15.

`f1ey"16 (shown in otted lines only, Fig. 1)

engages the belt 10 intermediate the pulleys 4- 9 and 11 and serves to maintain the belt taut;VH The pulley is preferably secured upon a-sleeve17 by means of a key 18 which `also tracks a groove 19 formed in the shaft 12 thereby preventing relative rotationhetween the shaft, sleeve and pulley yet permittin relative movement thereof lengthwise o the shaft for a purpose later to be explained. The sleeve 17 is journalcd in bearings 2() and 21 provided by a hanger fixed to the underside of a translatable table T. This table is slidably mounted on guideways 23 and 24 provided by the' housing B andis moved back and forth thereon4 by means later to be described. i`

Fixed upon the upper surface of the table T, as by means of screws 25, is the tool-head D within which is journaled a spindle 2li, carrying at one end the grinding wheel YV and at the-opposite end a pulley 27 adapted to be connected by a belt 28 with 4the pulley 15. The beit 28 is referably maintained taut by means of an idler pulley 29 rotatablyy carried by an arm 30 adjustably supported by the hanger 22 coaxial with-the shaft l2. This arm may be adjusted about its fulcrum by a screw-threaded shaft 31 having a threaded connection withy a pin 43 2 rotatably carried by the arm. The shaft 31 preferably extends upward-ly through the table and is provided with an adjusting wheel '33. Thus through rotation of the Wheel 33 the idler pulley 29 may be caused to apply more .l

or less tensionto the belt 28. 1

Table traverse mechanism (slaag).

The table T is slidably mounted upon the 'guideways 23 and 24 and is moved back and forth thereon by mechanism shown more particularly in Figs. 1, 10, 11 and 14.

T o 'the underside of thetable there is secured7 as by screws 34. a bracket 35 support ing a rack-bar 36. The teeth of this rackbar are maintained constantly in mesh with a pinion 37 secured upon a shaft 38. This shaft is journaled in a bearing 39 provided by a sub-casing 40 fixed upon the' side of the housing B. The shaft 38 maybe rotated either manually or by power supplied by the drive shaft 1. In the normal operation of the machii power is taken from the drive-shaft through suitable reduction gearing which effects a relatively slow'traverse of the tablet -When the grinding operation is finished, r avhenever it is desired to withdraw the o],-hea l for the purpose of inspecting thle 'iworln power is caused to fiow through a somewhat different trainand thereby causes a relative-v ly rapid traverse of the table. This rapid traverse is also utilized toreturn the table from its abnormal position toits position wherein the grinding wheel is;l adjacent the work to be operated on. The relatively slow power feed will now .be-described.

Upon the shaft 1,` .there is secured a only Fig. 1) which'is connected, by means lll() ofwa suitable chain 42, withasecond sprcck-` eis-wheel e3 securedfuponeneend oft .istituiti` shaft 44 journaled in bearings 45 carried by a sub-casing 40. (See Fig. 10.) Upon the opposite end of the shaft 44'tl1ere is secured a gear 4G which meshes with the teeth 47 of a gear-unit 48 rotatably mounted co-axial with a shaft 49` also journaled in the sub* casing. This gear-unit is also provided at one end with clutch teeth 5() later to be referred to. the'teeth 51 of a gear-unit 52 journaled on a bushing 52X surrounding a shaft 53 rotatably supported by the sub-casing. The gear-unit 52 isalso provided at one end with clutch-teeth 54 which. in the slow power drive, engage similar teeth 55 provided by a shiftable unit- 56 splined upon the shaft 53.

Fixed upon the shaft 53 is a gear-unit 57 formed with gears 58, 5E) and GO adapted to be engaged selectively with gears 58", 50a and (50 provided by a shiftable gear-unit C1 splined upon the shaft- 49. A clutch-member 62 formed with clutch-teeth 63 is fixed to the shaft 49 and is adapted, in the normal slow power drive for the table, to engage similar clutch-teeth 64 provided by a shiftable gear-unit G5 loosely journaled upon the shaft 49 It is to be'noted that in Fig. 10 the shiftable units 5G. and 61 are shown in neutral positions, which positions, however, they do not occupy during the normal operation of the machine tool. The gcar-unit 65 provides a gear GG, which in all of the adjusted positions of the unit, meshes with and drives a gear 67 secured upon a shaft 68 journaled in bearings G9 in the sub-'casing 40. Clutch-teeth similar to the clutchteeth 50, are also provided by the gear-unit 65, for a purpose later to be described.

Loosely joui-nailed` upon the shaft 68 are two bevel gears 70 and 71 both of which mesh constantly with the teeth of a larger bevel-gear 72 loosely journaled on a stub shaft 73 fixed in the sub-easing. These bevel gears 70 and 7l are formed with clutch-elements `70 and 71', respectively, which are radapted alternately to be engaged with clutch teeth 7 0X and 71 provided by a shift* able elntch-n'iember 74 splined to the shaft GS.

be caused to rotate (in opposite directions) the gear 72 which in turn effect translation of the table in opposite directions. The means for automatically shifting the clutchmember 74 will laterbe described. Formed integral with the gear 7 2 is a gear 75 permanently in mesh with a gear 76 forming a part of a gear-unit 77 rotatably journaled on a. stud 78 carried by the sub-casing. The gear-unit 77 also provides a gear 79 which meshes with a gear 80 provided by a nontranslatable gear-unit 81 rotatably journaled coaxial with the shaft 3S.

Splined to the shaft 38 as best shown in Figs. 7 and 14 is a clutch member 82 pro- The teeth 47 constantly engage Thus by shifting the clutch member. 4either of the gear members 70 or 71 may vided at one end with clutchteetl1 82"L adapted to engage clutch-teeth S1 formed in the unit 81, thus completing a driving connection from the shaft- 1, to the shaft 38, wherer by the table is translated to cause the grindingwwheel to approach or recede from the work-holder dependent upon whether the gear 70 or 71 is driving the gear 72.

The gear-unit 61 may be shifted lengthwise of its supporting shaft 49 selectively' to connect either the gears 58 and 58, 59 and 59 or Gt) and 60, thereby to eflect translation of the table at any one of three given v speeds. Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 4, 5 and 8 there" is disclosed the following means for shiftingthe unit 61. Journaled in a cover-plate 126, later to be referred to, is a pin 13() to which is secured at one end a crank 131. Theopposite end of the pin carries an arm 132 within which is fixed a cra'nk pin 132l which tracks a groove 133" provided in an extension 133 of a gearshifter 133. The gear-shifter 133 is slidably mounted on a rod 133C, secured within a gear box 126 later to be referred to, and carries an arm ,1331 which lits within an an nular groove 6lg in the unit 61. Thus it will be seen thatby shifting the crank 131 to any one of the positions u e or w the shifter 133 and thereby the geanunit G1 will be shifted laterally and any one of three speeds may be given to the table feed.

Reversing mechanism for table traverse.

Asv hereinbefore stated the direction of movement of the table T is .determined by the position of the clutchsmen'iber 74. This member is adapted automatically to be shifted lengthwise of the shaft (S8, to cause it to engage either of the sets of elutelrteeth 70 or 71, by means now to be described. (Figs. 1, e, a, e, 11.)

Secured upon a pin 83, journaled in the subcasing 40, is a lever 84 which extends upwardly and is Aprovided at its upper end with a hand-grasp 85. Intermediate the lllll lll) ends of the lever 84 there is formed 'a laterally projecting boss 86 within which is slidingly fitted a retraetible plunger 87.

Adjusably secured to the table T are two dogs 88 and 8.9 of which the former is provided with an abutment 88X adapted, in the retracting movement of the table, normally to engage the pin 87 thus causing the lever 84 to rock the pin 83 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 3. The dog 89 is formed with a projection 89x which, in the forward movement of the table T, engages the boss- 86 thus shifting the lever 84 to the left and rocking the shaft S3 in a countercloclrwise direction. The rocking movements of the shaft 83 serve. to actuate a load-andlire mechanism which in turn actuates a suitableV clutch-shifting fork 9() engaging `the reduced portion 74" of the -eluteh-memberv 74.

, on a rod 93'secured in bosses 93 provided by a sub-easing cover-plate 40. coilspring 94 surrounds the rod 93 and normally tends to hold, the coll'a1'sf92c and 92d separated Gravity actuated triggers 95 and 96 are pivotedj'upon pins/95291111" 96a carried ,y by the bosses 93 and are formed with shoulders 95b and 96b adaptedf engage the pe-` ripheral flanges of the collars 92 and 92d, respectively. The triggers 95 and 96 are also provided with beve led ends 95` and 96d respectively which, in certain movements of the arm 91, are adapted to be engaged by a pin 97 carried by the arm 91 for a purpose later to be explained.

The clutch-shifting fork 90 is formed integral'with a sleeve 90 slidably mounted o n a rod-98 also carriedv by the bosses 93. This sleeve is notched'out at 90b and 90 to provide walls 90 and 90t which are adapted to engage lthe flanges 92 and 92t respectively.

The operation of the clutch shifting mechanismvis as follows:

' Considering-the parts to be in the positionmshown in Fig. 2 and with the clutch teeth 71e and 71 (Fig. 10) in engagement, the table T will be retracting o'r moving in the direction indicated by the arrow t (F ig. 2). A continued movement of the table in that direction will cause the abutment 88X to engage the plunger 87. thus causing the lever 84 to be moved to the right and the shaft 83 to be turned clockwise. This movement causes the lower end of the arm 91 and the yoke 92 to be moved to the left as viewed in Fig. 2. Due to the engagement of the yoke 92 with the iiange of the colla-r 92b the latter member will also be moved to the Ileft against the action of the spring 911e then being compressed against the collar 92 which latter is prevented from mov` ing under action of the spring by the trigger 95. A still further movement of the arm 91 causes the pin 97 to engage the bevelled end 95 of the trigger 95 thus lifting the triggerand causing the shoulder 95 to release the flange 92. Immediately upon release the collar 92 is movedft'o the left by the power stored in the springfi and, due to the enga-gement of theia-nge 92 with the wall 90, th sleeve 90 and its attached4 forliL 90 are also moved to the left thus shifting the clutch-member 74g into engagement with the clutch teeth and thereby reversing the direction of the table-feed.

It will be understood that in the forward movement of the table the projection 892, boss 862 arms 84 and 91, pin 97, lever 96,

collar 92l ete. will actin themanner just previously described, to again reverse the directiori of table traverse.

The hand grasp 85 provides means whereby the operator may either stop the translation of the table or reverse its movement at will.- f

Abnormal table traverse.

Inasmuch as the .work being operated onl requires frequent vinspection and removal froni its carrier and also as it is not practical for effecting this abnormal movement is now to be described.

Supposing that 'the l(ngerator desires to inspect or remove the work from the workc'arrier, the first thing that he docs is toy withdraw the pin 87 out of the path of the abutment 88". Upon the next retracting 'movement of the `table T, instead of the abutment 88K shifting the lever 811 and thus reversing the table feed, it will pass idly by the lever and continue to move to the right, as viewed in Figsf 2 and This movement will continue until an abutment 100, provided by a dog' 100 ad'justably secured tofthe table T, engages the boss 86 and shifts the lever 84 as previously described, which disconnects the clutch-teeth 71X and 71 and engages the teeth 7()X and 71. Simultaneously with the shifting of the lever 84C, a cam 100'D carried by the dog 100 engages the free end of an arm 101 secured upon an upright feed-con trollingl shaft 102 and shifts said arm to its dotted line position shown in Fig. 3. Fixed to the shaft 102, in a manner later to be described, is a clutch-shifting fork 103 which engages the .clutch-member 82 and, as the `arm 101 and shaft 102 hre rotated counterclockwise as viewed irl Fig. 8, this fork. shifts the clutch-member 82 and disconnects the' clutch-teeth 81 and 82a ,thereby breaking the driving connection between the gearunit 81 and the shaft 38 and bringing the table to rest in its extreme retracted position. A further rotation of the shaft 102 causes the clutch-member 82 to be moved toward the front of the machine until the clutchteeth 82 thereof engage similar clutchteeth 104:t provided by a short shaft 105 journaled ,in the cover-plate 40. A hand' wheel 105 also secured to the shaft '105 affords means for manually rotating shaft 38 and thereby moving the table T toward or from the Work-(holder.

The table is brought to rest at the end of its abnormal movement with the arm 101 in .to stop' the rotation of the grinding wheel l it is desired to again start the table feed, which can only be effected by shifting the clutch teeth 81il and 82 into engagement it` is necessary that the yoke 103 be shifted while the arm 101 is held against movement. This is preferably effected by means of a detachable connection between the arm 101 and the fork 103. Loosely journaled on the shaft 102 is a sleeve 101 having a tongueand-groove connection 101X with the fork 103. This sleeve also carries a pivoted lever 105b which affords means for oscillating the sleeve 101 and thereby moving the fork to Shift the clutch-member The l"ever'10b is provided with an arm 105 adapted, in a certain position of the lever and shaft 102, to engage a slot 106a formed in a collar 106 secured upon the lower end of the shat't 102.

A spring plunger 10T carried by the co1 lar 106 acts upon cam-surfaces 107 provided by the sleeve 104 and tends to position the collar 106 so that the arm 105a will normally rest in the slot 106EL which insures that the fork 103 will be actuated Whenever the cam 100b shifts the arm 101` as hereinbefore described. i

By lifting-the lever 105b the arm 105A will be Withdrawn from the'slot 106a and the fork 103 may be oscillated independently of the arm 101. A second spring-pressed plunger 108 slidably mounted in the subcasing 40 (see Fig. 7) isiadapted to contact with opposite faces of a pin 108 carried by the sleeve 104 to hold the sliiftable clutchmember 82 in either of its operative positions.

Rapid fable traverse afi/ring abnormal movement.

To reduce to a minimum the timerequired to givethl table its abnormal movements there is provided a rapid feed which is automatically thrown into action when the Stable begins its abnormal movement and which is automatically thrown out when the tablehas been returned to its normal posi tion with the grinding wheel adjacent the Work. Referring more particularly to Figs. 2, 3, 5. 6 and 10, this rapid feed is effected by shifting the gear-unit to the left (Fig. 10) thereby disconnecting the clutch teeth 63 and 64 and engaging the clutch teeth 50 and 65 hereinbefore referred to. From an inspection of Fig. 10, it Will be observed that in time and likewise proportionately in crease the production of the machine.

The gear-unit 65 is preferably shifted lengthwise of the shaft 19 by mechanism now to be described. Journaled Within the sub-casing 40 is a vertically disposed shaft 109 carrying at its upper end a cross-head 110 which has secured to it, at its opposite ends, studs or rollers 111 and 112. This crosshead, during the grinding operation,

occupies the ull-line position slimvnv in' Fig. 3.

The lower end of the shaft 109 carries a segmental lever 113 (Figs. 2, 6, u16 and 17) which is connected by alink 114 to a crank arm 115 fixed to a vertical shaft 116 journeled in the sub-casing 40. Secured to the shaft 1,16, adjacent its lower end, is a twoarmed lever 117 comprising arms 117 and. 117b of which the formericarries a block or roller 118 fitted Within" the annular groove 65S of the unit 65. Front` the foregoing, .it will be seen that oscillation of. foe Shaft 109 will, through the connection described, result in translation of the gear-unitl 65.

The doo 88 carried videdovitli a cani-surface 111 which, as the abutment passes the lever 84 at the beginning of the .abnormal table feed,engages the stud 111 thereby forcing outwardly on the stud and oscillating the cross-head and shaft 109 clockwise (Fig. 3) to the dotted line position. This oscillation throws in the rapid feed as previously described. A

vspring-pressed detcnt 119 (Fig. 16) then engages a notch 113 in the segmental arm 113 and retains' the parts in their adjusted positions until, upon a forward moven'icnt of the table, a cam-surface 112 also provided by the dog 88, engages the stud 112 again shifting the cross-head 110 to its full` line position Fier. 3; thereby throwing out feed for the table.l In this latter position the detent 110 engages the notch 118b in the by the table T is prothe rapid feed and restoringr the slow pmver- 1 arm 113 and. prevents accidental movement of the parts. A

Worin rotating mechanism,

As hereinbeifore stated the ivorlr is pre-fernbly rotated during the grinding operation and to that `en d 'it is held in a suitable chuck or Work-holder Hcarried by a spindle S rotatably journaled in bearings I) and h provided inthc Work-head C.. The spindle S carries a pulley 120 which is connected by means of a belt 121, .with a driving pulley 122 secured upon one end of' a shaft 123 journaled lengthwise of' the machine Within the housing B. The opposite end of the shaft carries a splined gear-unit 124 formed with gears 58h, 591 and 00 adapted selectively to be meshed with the gears 59 and 60 respectively. The gear-unit 124 may be shifted to any one of its three'operative positions by means of a crank 125 fixed upon a pin 1253.r This pin is rotatably journaled r formed integral with the suhcasing 40. 55

in :i cover plate 126n of a gear-130x126 :forming a part or' the sub-casing 40 secured to the housing 'B us oy screws 126". The pin 125'* also Curries (substantially at right anglesto crank un arm 127 provided witha 'in 127 iitted within a `.groove 128a rovi edby en extension 128b a bodily 'Inova le gearshifting fork 128 slidably mounted on the shaft 68. This gear shifting fork engages the gear-unit 124 (see Fig. 8) and by mannelly shifting the crank 125 to .ci y or a the gears 5R and 58", 59 and 59'D or 60 and 60b n iay selectively hc engaged to give the Workholder any one of three speeds of rotation.

Intermediate the pulleys 120 'and 123 the belt 121 passes between belt-guding pulleys 121 und l2llrotatably journaledin a hearing bracket 121 izied to the underside of a Work-head supporting-table 140. The belt 121'is Tpreferably held taut by ineens of an automatically acting,r loelt tightener comprising a pulley 121d `yaurnaleo. in one arm of a bell-crank .lever 121D fulcruined at 121f in swing the lever 121? about its tulcrum and thereby holds the belt tuut,

Brake for vtuorli: rotating mechanism.

As hereinhefore stated, it is necessary in the operation of grinding machines frequently to. withdraw the grinding wheel i'rom the work to permit inspection, removal and replacement of the latter. In the pres ent machine in order that the time required for this Withdrawal may be reduced to ya, minimum., there is provided a rapid-feed which is adapted to be brought into action at any desired time.

To further reduce the time required to. inspect or remove the -uorlr this invention provides novel moans -for positively and automatically arresting the rotation. of the work-currier simultaneously with the throw ing` in of the rapid table feed to withdrew the grinding wheel from the work. .V

As shown more particularly in Figs. 1, 8 and 10, this means comprises u. friction brake consisting of a. cone 56*l forming ra part of the unit .56 splined upon the shaft 53. This cone is adapted at certain times to cont-act with a braking face 56h of a. frio tion element 56 Afined Within a bracket. 55x

The shiftable unit 5G is operatively con? nected with the arm '117b of the lever 117- and therefore oscillation of the shaft 116 to throw in the rapid feed for the table Will simultaneously force the cone 56* into coml tact with the braking face 56" thereby arrest the rotation of the shaft 53 which in turn causes the work-heed to he brought to rest.

Work-head translating mechanism. The Work-head C is adjustebly.. mounted is moved transverse to the axis ofthe grinding Wheel to gradually feed thev Work carried by the Worklheud to "the 'grinding l face of the grinding-wheel. This feeding movement is effected by ineens-o a screw 142 (Fig. 18) rotatably. journaled inthe supplemental hase 14:1, which screw has a threaded connection with a nut 143 Secured to the underside of the table 140. y

The screur is preferably rotated step-by step in time with reciproczttions of the table T and the grindng-WheeL ,To this end there is secured to one end of the screw a geur 1441 permanently in mesh with ai pinion 145 .secured 'upon the reduced ond of a, shaft 1118. with the shaft 146 is a wheel 1li-'Z' provided with ratchet teeth 148. These teeth are engugedhy a peu/l 149 carried by an oscillat- Rotatably mounted, coaxialy ing arm 150 also journaled coaxial with the shaft 146. scillatory movements ure given" to the arm 150 'oy Va link 151 pwoted atenel end to the erin und adjuetnhiyconnected at its other end to u. 'vibrating lever 152 pivoted at 153 in the base 14.1. 'The vlever 152 receives its motion from a link 1541 connecting the lever 152 with the feedfeontrolling lever 84. lhus upon each movement of the lever 84 to start the forward table-feed, the link 154, lever 152, link 151, arm 150, pawl 119 and ratchet 148 operate to slightly rotate the feed-screw and thereby shift the Work-head laterally.

An indexing mechanism is also provided for the leed just described. yThis mechanism comprises a manually rotatable disk 155 carrying a retructihle spring-plunger 156 adapted to he inserted. into any one of the holes 157 in the Wheel 1117. The disk 155 is secured to a stub shaft 158' which also carries apinion 159 meshing! with a gen1: 160 journaled in the hub of the Wheel 1217. The gear'l() is formed integral with a pinion 161 which mesnes with e geur 162 listed to the shaft 146. Thus rotation of the disk 155 for the insertion of the plunger 156 into `any one of the holes 157 "Will produce a par` tial rotation of the feed-screw 142 for a purs` pose well understood hy those skilled in the srt.'

Lubricating device fr grinding @07143573 f1.0

'-.The driving mechanism. for the grinding ing moved heck endforth on the shaft12, and the pulleys 29 is adjustable to various ico positions about the axis of the shaft 12, proper lubrication of the parts is quite a problem. rilhis problem has been solved, however., very effectively by an exceedingly simple and novel manner. y

lliiithin the table T, and Wholly covered by the toolhead D, there is formed an oil reservoir R adapted to be filled in any Suitable ivay, as for exemple, through a port p in the tool head. .Oil tubes o and o connect the reservoir with the bearings 20 and 21 and generously lubricate them in all of their adjusted positions lengthwise of the shaft l2. The pulley 29 is carried by the swing,

nient of the pulley 29 and an oil tube 40" connected to the reservoir R terminates slightly above the trough and conveys oil thcieinto in all of the adjusted positions of the arm 30. By this means the normally hidden and inaccessible continuously shifting-parts are generously and conveniently lubricated.

Coolant transmission l To prevent heating of the Work, means is provided for supplying a coolant thereto started automatically when rotation of the- Work is begun arid sto ped vautomatically when the Work is broug t to rest.

At the rear side of the machine there is provided a coolant tank L within which operates a pump P adapted upon rotation to force coolant from the tank through a flexible 'conductor M to a pipe N extending through the spindle S and terminating in a nozzle N. Any suitable means may be employed for returning the coolant to the supply tank after it has been applied to the ivorlr.

The pump is preferably driven by a shaft 170 "which carries at its upper end a pulley 171 operatively connected by a belt 172 with a. driving pulley 173 rotatably journaled coarialv with the shaft 123. Power to rotate the pulley 173 is supplied by the shaft 53 through a gear 171i fixed to the shaft 53 and a. pinion 175 operatively connected with the pulley.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that Whenever the work-head is rotated through siemens i, 41, is, 4.3, 44., 46, 4e, 5e, 5e, 53

, etc,` as hereinbefore described, the pulley 173 Will also be rotated and coolant will he supplied to the Work, but when the unit 56 is disengaged from the. gear-unit 52 the shaft 53 is brought to rest and the flow of coolant to the work is discontinued.

It is to be noted that the work-rotating mechanism, the coolant transmission, the

toinatic feed throw-out are also controlledV by a single element (100) at the end ofthe abnormal feed and therefore the time of operation of these mechanisms may be changed simultaneously by a. single adjustment.

Operation.

supposing that it is desired to grind a piece of work Z such as is illustrated in-Fig.` 22 and that the dogs 88 and 89 have been set to such positions that the table will have a back and forth movement sufficient. to move the grinding wheel W between the positions 'w1 and 'L02 (see Fig. 22) and the dog 100 has been set to function when the grindingwheel has reached its position uit. Now considering that the .slow table traverse isoperative;thevwork-hcad is being moved laterally; the grinding Wheel and the Work are being rotated, and the pump is supplying coolant to the work, ,the cycle of operation is as follows lVhen the operator desires to gauge or remove the work he retracts the pin 87 out of ido the path of the abutment 88 then upon i the next retraction of the table the reversing lever is not actuated by the abutment and the table continues to move away from the Work. As the grinding-wheel reaches the position indicated by 'w3 the cam 111 on the dog 88 engages the stud 11 thereby shifting the cross-head to its dotted line position in Fig. 3'and oscillating the shaft 109. Oscillation of the 'shaft 109 effects disengagement of the slow table traverse, engagement of the rapid table traverse, disengagement of the Work rotating mechanism, ap-

plies the brake to overcome' the momentum of the work-head and stops the action of the coolant pump. The table then moves under the action of the rapid traverse and brings the cam 100h into engagement with the arm 101 which oscillates the shaft 102 and thereby shifts the clutch-member 824130 :discontinue the power feed. -As the cam 100h is acting on the lever 101 the abut-ment 100* is shifting the lever 84' to move the pin 97 into engagement with the cam 95 of the trigger 95. (See Fig. 2.) Upon disconnecf tion of the power-feed the/table continues twill so fully reveal the to move slightly due to momentum and this iinai movement is vsatiieientitc causev the abut-- ment ltltltto` trip the loadand-re mecha* nism and connect the orward'eed. It, for,l

any reason,vv the 'table does not move suffi ciently under momentum tio-trip the feed reverser.' upon the throwing. in of, the power feed the table Willbe retracted slightly to cause the abutment 100 totrip the load-and- .iire mechanism, whereuponthe table will be fied toward the Work. The Work now having been' brought to rest and the grinding wheel retracted the operator may inspect i or remove the Work and replace it with a new piece.

To start a new grinding operation the operator slightly raises and turns the'lever 105h to connect the power feed for the table'.

The table then moves toward the work unt der the action of the rapid traverse-until the grinding Wheel reaches the position wat At this point the cam 112a engages that stud 112 and thereby shifts the cross-head from its dotted line position in Fig. 3 to its full line position. This movement oscillates the shaft 109 which in turn disconnects the rapid traverse, connects 'the slow* power feed, releases the brake, starts the work rol ta'ting mechanism and starts the' coolant pnmp.- The grinding of the new piece then z takes place as hereinbefore described Without Jinrtlrer analysis, the foregoing st of this invention that others can, by app ying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various utilizationsyby retainin one or more oi" the feawl'f tures that, from t xe standpoint of the prior art, fairly constitute essential character" istics of either the generic or specic aspects of this invention vand, therefore? snob adaptations Should be, and are intended to be, comprehended Within the meaning and range oi equivalency of the foilowing claims.

Having thus reve led this invention, claim as new and dlire to secure the iol' lowing combinations and elements, or equivalents thereof, `by Letters Patent of the United States:

1. A grinding machine combining a Worlrholder; means tor rotating said Worir-holc'bl er; a grindingwheei; means for giving said grindingwheel movements of prede, termined length toward f and from said -worknolderg means permitting said grind-- ing Wheel be moved to an abnormal position; andvautomaticaliy actuated means rendered operative at the begimiing of said abnormal movement to arrest the rotation of said Work-holder.

2 A grinding machine combining a Workholder; means for rotating said Work-lioldand means whereby said grinding Wheel is er; a grinding Wheel adated to operate on Worirheld in said vvor '-hoider; means :'cr moving said grindingwheci a predetermined distance at a slow rate during the 3. A machine-tool combining a Work-holder; means for rotating said Worleholder; a tool holder; means for effecting relative bodily movement. between saidWork-holder and tool-holder; and means operative upon a predetermined relative movement betweeny said work-holder and tool holder for auto-- matically rendering ineffective said workholder rotating means without discontinuing the relative bodily movement between said work-holder and said toolholder.

4. A machine-tool combining a Work-hold` er.; means for rotating said Work-holder; a tool-holder; means 'for moving said toolholder toward and from said Work-holder; means actuated by a movement of said toolholder for rendering ineffective said Workholderl rot-ating means; and means for giv ing said tool holder an abnormal movement at an increased rate after said Work-holder rotating means is rendered inelective.

5. Amachine-tool combining' a work-holder means 'for rotating said. work-holder; a tool-holder; means for etecting relative bodily movement between said work-holder and tool-holder axially of the. work, successively at two different speeds; means perative upon' the change from one of said speeds to the other for anitomaticallyv ren dering ineffective said work-holder rotating means;and means operative simultaneu ously With' aid last named means for'overcoming the momentum f. said vWork-holder.

(L A gri llingfmachine combining a Workholder; a 'veshaft; a driving connection between sad drive-shaft and said Workholder for rotating the latter, said driving connection including a combined clutcli-and brake unit; a stationary friction surface adapted to cooperate with said brake unit; and means for shifting said combined clutchand-bralce unit to break the driving connection for said `vvork-holder and thereafter bringing said unit into'contact with said staautomatically arrested, against translation at the end of said abnormalmovement.

8, A. grinding machine comblmng a worlng-wheel;gmeans for mov holder; a grinding Wheel; a translatable table upon which said grinding wheel is supported; means for giving said table movements of predetermined amplitude toward and from said Work-holder at a predetermined speed; means permitting said table to be given an abnormal movement away from said Work-holder, and means operative at the means for giving said table an abnormalv movement away from said Workholder; and means actuated by said table at the beginning of its abnormal movement to materiell? increase the speed of .movement and simu taneously therewith to discontinuethe rota# tion of said Work-holder.

10. `A grinding machine combinihg a Work-holder; means for rotating said 'Workholder; a grinding-Wheel; a ytranslatable table on which said grinding-wheel is supported; means for giving said table movements ofv predetermined amplitude toward and from said Work-holder at a predetermined speed; means for giving said table an abnormal movement away from said workholder; a brake for overcoming momentum of said Work-holder, and a single device actuated by said table at the beginning ot its abnormal movement` to tlirov7 in a rapid feed for said table, to disconnect said Worlehead rotating means and to-actuate said brake to arrest the rotation of said Work-head.

11. In a grindingmachine; a translatable table; power means for feeding said table in opposite directions; means forcontrolling the direction of movement of said table; devices carried by said table to aetuate said direction controlling means trl. reverse the direction of movement ot the table; and means for rendering one of said devices in effective to actuate said direction `controlling means, whereby said table is given an abnormal movement by said power feed.

12. In a grinding machine; a translatable table; means for feeding said table iin oppo-Y site directions; means for controlling the di rection of movement of said table: devices carried by -said table 'to actuate said direction controllingn means to reverse the direc tion of movement of the table; means for rendering one of said devices ineiieetive to actuate said direction controlling means, whereby said table is given an abnormal movement; and auxiliary means for bringing the table to rest at the end of its abnormal movement.

13. In a grinding machine; a translatable table; means for feeding said table in opposite directions; means for controlling the direction of movement of said table; devices carried by said table to actuate said direction controlling means to reverse the direction of movement of the table; auxiliary means carried by the table and adapted ater said device has been rendered ineffective to lactuante said feed reversing means; and means to render-said table feed ineffective.

14. In a machine-tool, in combination, a bodily movable member; power means for moving said member back and forth a redetermined distance at a. predetermined speed; power means forincreasing the move ment of said member in one diredtion and at a materially different speed and control means for selectivel causing-saidincreased movement and spec Y l5. In a grinding-machine, in combination, a translatable table; a power shaft; means actuated by said power-shaft for translating said table in a singledirection at a plurality of speed, said means including a shiftable driving gear-unitfa driven gear permanently in mesh with the gear on said shiftable unit, driving means at opposite sidesof said shiftable unit to rotate it at unequal speeds, and nie-ans `for shifting said gear-unit into engagement with `either ot said driving means. y

16. 'In a grinding machine, in combination, a translatable member; means for translating said member at a predetermined speed; means for changing the speed of translation ot said member; means for changing the direction of translation of said member, said speed-changing means and'direction changing means each comprising a pair of opposeddriving elements, a shiftable clutch element between said pairsy of driving elements, and means actuated bythe movement ot' said translatable member for shifting said clutch elements to cause them alternately to engage its driving elements.

17. in a grinding machine, in combination, a translatablctable; translating mechanism for said table including a speedchange device for determining the speed f translation ot said table.- and reversing' means for changing the direct-ion ot translaV tion; manually actuated means for adjusting said speed change device: anormally ineffective rapid power feed said ,stable independent of said sneed-changadevice; dogs carried by said table for actnating said reversing means: means for rendering one of said dogs ineffective; and means acting thereafter automatically to render effective said rapidl power feed.

18. A grinding machine combining a translatable table; means for translating ile said table 'at any one of a plurality of relatively slow speeds; a second means'operat 

